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Long-Term Survival, Illness Severity, and Time-to-Treatment Analysis in Dogs with Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Following Intravenous Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: A Multicohort Follow-Up Study

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Steroid-refractory immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs carries high early mortality, and the 15%-30% of cases that fail corticosteroid-based therapy represent a population with few effective options and a narrowing treatment window. In a prior retr... ...