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Targeting canonical TGFβ/SMAD3 and ERK1/2 signaling in human valve interstitial cells to modulate immune-fibrotic responses in rheumatic heart disease

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a chronic sequel of acute rheumatic fever characterized by sustained inflammation, fibrosis, and valve degeneration; however, the underlying processes remain unclear. To identify dysregulated molecular pathways, we conducted LC... ...