Adaptive Evolution of Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Under Vaccine Pressure: Combined VP1 T142/Q153 Mutations Drive Antigenic Alteration and Immune Evasion
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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) escapes host immune surveillance via adaptive evolution driven by vaccine-mediated selective pressure, leading to persistent breakthrough infections in immunized animals. In this study, the dominant neutralizing epitope VP1 ... ...
