MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles promote dental pulp repair by alleviating inflammation in pulpitis via AKT and p38 MAPK pathways
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Background: Pulpitis compromises dental pulp defense and repair, and current therapies inadequately resolve inflammation. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit potent anti-inflamm... ...
