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A retrospective observational analysis of the global burden of smoking-attributable prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers among adults aged 40 years and older: Based on the global burden of disease study 2021 with projections to 2045

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ObjectiveSmoking remains a significant risk factor for prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers. The disease burden and smoking-attributable carcinogenic effects are particularly concentrated in adults aged 40 years and older, making this age group critical for t... ...