Rethinking dyspnea in pulmonary rehabilitation: from respiratory load and interoceptive processing to biofeedback and neurofeedback
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Dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often treated as the perceptual consequence of altered airflow, lung volume, gas exchange, or work of breathing. Yet breathlessness is not a unitary symptom or a direct readout of pulmonary dysfunction... ...
