From Engel's Bio-Psycho-Social model to the personalized health determinants model: a comprehensive framework and illustrative operationalization for precision health
{{output}}
Engel's Bio-Psycho-Social (BPS) model (1977) reframed healthcare by integrating biological, psychological, and social perspectives. Despite its influence, the model has been criticized for insufficient specificity in domains critical to precision health, incl... ...
