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Potential Causal Relationship Between Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy: Integrating Mendelian Randomization Evidence with Global Burden of Disease 2021 Analysis

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Background: Hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus are major global health challenges, and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a critical complication of diabetes. Although observational studies link HTN to DN progression, causal evidence remains limited. We... ...