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Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Micro-TESE Combined with Advanced Sperm Processing for Enhanced Assisted Reproductive Outcomes

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Introduction: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), which accounts for 10% of male infertility cases, is managed by microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE), currently consider the gold standard technique. While mTESE imp... ...