The Role of Exosomes in Bone Metastasis and Bone Tissue Engineering: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities
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Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cell types, have emerged as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication within both pathological and regenerative microenvironments. In bone metastasis, tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) play a... ...