Metformin attenuates valproic acid-induced developmental cardiotoxicity through activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α axis and restoration of mitochondrial and redox homeostasis in zebrafish embryos
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Prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure is strongly linked to developmental cardiotoxicity, yet no targeted pharmacological countermeasure exists. Converging mechanistic evidence indicates that VPA cardiotoxicity centers on AMPK/PGC-1α suppression, positioning ... ...
