Chronic stress at the crossroads: Decoding the HPA-SAM-immune-gut axis in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis and therapeutics
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Stress, a prevalent factor in modern life, profoundly impacts human health by disrupting immune function and intestinal homeostasis. This review elucidates the mechanisms through which stress dysregulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympatheti... ...
