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Precision-targeted nanodelivery systems for intra-articular treatment of knee osteoarthritis: recent breakthroughs and translational challenges

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Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a progressive whole-joint disorder characterized by cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone remodeling, and pathological alterations of the intra-articular (IA) microenvironment. Conventional IA therapies-in... ...