Radiographic tracheal comparison among American, English, and French bulldogs via the utilization of manubrium and thoracic inlet tracheal indices
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Tracheal hypoplasia is a congenital abnormality associated with brachycephalic airway syndrome, resulting in a generalized decrease in tracheal lumen diameter (TLD). Radiographic techniques to assess tracheal narrowing have been described; however, comparisons... ...
