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ENPP2 Dysregulation Defines a Candidate Biomarker Axis Coupling Tumor-Intrinsic cAMP Signaling to Macrophage Polarization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows substantial biological heterogeneity and commonly develops within an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), particularly M2-skewed subsets, are repeatedly associated with aggressive disease... ...