Reimagining Placental Perfusion in Preeclampsia: Integrating Doppler Ultrasound, Three-dimensional Vascular Indices, and Predictive Artificial Intelligence
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Preeclampsia remains a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity worldwide, originating from abnormal placental development and reduced perfusion. Conventional Doppler indices, although widely used, are limited in sensitivity, reproducibility, and early dete... ...
