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5-ALA-mediated PpIX Accumulation in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioma and its Implications for 5-ALA-based Local Tumor Therapies: A Review of the Literature

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5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation is widely used for fluorescence-guided surgery in malignant glioma. Beyond its diagnostic role, PpIX exhibits photo-, sono-, and radiosensitizing properties that enable locally applied... ...