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A Large Retrospective Observational Study of Nonpharmacologic Treatment Use Among German Patients Receiving Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Noncancer Pain

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Introduction: Evidence-based practice guidelines recommend combining the long-term use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) with suitable nonpharmacologic treatments. Whether long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) in Germany ali... ...