Effects of Infraorbital Nerve Block with Dexmedetomidine-Added Bupivacaine on Intraoperative Opioid Consumption and Postoperative Analgesia During Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial
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Purpose: In endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) for pituitary adenoma, perioperative discomfort often requires opioid use under general anesthesia. Infraorbital nerve block (IONB), which targets nasal structures involved in... ...
