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Comparative effects of bile salts and free bile acids on intestinal health of grouper (Epinephelus spp.) fed a high cottonseed protein concentrate diet

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The physiological impacts of bile acids (BA) conjugation states remain underexplored in aquatic species. This study investigated the effects of supplementing conjugated BA (bile salts [BS]) or non-conjugated BA (free bile acids [FBA]) on the intestinal health ... ...