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Effects of Patient-Preferred Music on Anxiety, Pain, and Quality of Recovery After Knee Arthroplasty Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Preoperative anxiety and pain can adversely affect recovery and satisfaction. Music is a safe, low-cost, non-pharmacological intervention that may enhance perioperative outcomes. This study evaluated the effects of patient-preferred music on anxiety, recovery,... ...