Hypercapnia-Regulated Molecular Pathways: Mechanistic Insights Into CO₂-Driven Cellular Signaling and Therapeutic Implications
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Long dismissed as a passive marker of ventilatory failure, elevated carbon dioxide (PaCO₂ > 45 mmHg) is now recognized as a potent signaling molecule that orchestrates complex cellular responses. This review synthesizes recent advances revealing how hypercapn... ...
