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Discovery of spiroindolediketopiperazine alkaloids from Penicillium sp. KYS-32 as dual inhibitors of ABCB1 and ABCG2 to reverse multidrug resistance

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Chemical investigation of the fungus Penicillium sp. KYS-32 afforded eleven spiroindolediketopiperazine alkaloids (1-11), including seven previously unreported compounds penispiroketins A-G (1-7). Compounds 2, 3, 6, and 7 are characterized by an oxidation at C... ...