Hemodynamic effects of plain versus hyperbaric bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia for total knee arthroplasty: a randomized clinical trial
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Background: Spinal anesthesia (SA) is widely used for elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) but is frequently associated with episodes of low blood pressure. Because baricity influences intrathecal spread, plain bupivacaine (PB)... ...
