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Synergistic enhancement of hyaluronic acid production through co-cultivation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Streptococcus pyogenes under differential aeration conditions

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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high value biopolymer extensively used in biomedical and cosmetic applications due to its biocompatibility, viscoelasticity, and strong water retention capacity. Microbial fermentation has emerged as a scalable and efficient alternati... ...