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Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on the Ultrastructure, Developmental Competence, and Expression of ZP3, MFN1, and NPM2 in Vitrified Bovine GV Oocytes

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To improve the vitrification efficiency of bovine germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, the use of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles as a novel cryopreservation additive represents a promising approach. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HA nanoparticles ... ...