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Subject-specific modeling of response to physical stress via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathoadrenal axes

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The two main pathways for hormonal stress response are the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathoadrenal (SA) axis. The HPA axis produces and secretes cortisol, while the SA axis produces and secretes the fast-acting catecholamines, epinep... ...