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Foregut anatomy and ultrastructure of the soil-spraying larvae of Bittacus cirratus Tjeder (Mecoptera: Bittacidae)

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The larvae of Bittacidae in Mecoptera are remarkable for their distinctive soil-spraying behavior. To adapt the soil-spraying behavior, the larvae bear compact longitudinal muscles on the midgut, and well-developed circular muscles on the rectum. Whether the f... ...