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Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Chitosan-Encapsulated Indocyanine Green Improves Smear Layer Removal and Bond Strength to Caries-Affected Dentin: An In Vitro Study

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Aim: An in vitro study to evaluate the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) encapsulated in chitosan (CHNPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) activated by 810-nm diode laser on smear layer (SL) removal and shear bond s... ...