Dichotomous SMAD2/3 regulation and selective antihypertrophic activity of heparin during in vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells
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Background: Endochondral instead of chondral differentiation hinders mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) application for clinical cartilage regeneration. We previously showed that heparin-polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels loaded wit... ...