Determining the salivary levels of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) during the three stages of orthodontic treatment in patients in Mangaluru: A prospective study
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Background: Saliva is a valuable, noninvasive diagnostic fluid that mirrors the body's health, especially during physiological changes such as orthodontic tooth movement. The application of orthodontic force triggers an inflamma... ...
