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Beyond tumor mutational burden: a framework for immune-checkpoint blockade responsiveness in gastrointestinal cancers

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Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) elicits profound and durable responses in mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, yet most microsatellite-stable (MSS) cancers derive minimal benefit. This gap ... ...