α-Ketoglutarate restores redox and energy homeostasis to ameliorate splenic immune dysfunction induced by carbonate-alkaline stress in crucian carp (Carassius auratus)
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The global expansion of carbonate-alkaline water bodies poses a major challenge to sustainable aquaculture, but the metabolic basis of splenic immune dysfunction in fish under carbonate-alkaline stress remains unclear. Here, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) we... ...
