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Benzo[a]pyrene exacerbates atherosclerosis by upregulating SPP1 to promote macrophage inflammation and lipid dysregulation: An integrated network toxicology, RNA-seq, and experimental validation study

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Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a pervasive environmental pollutant, has been implicated in cardiovascular injury, yet its mechanistic contribution to atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we combined network toxicology, RNA-seq profiling, molecular simulations, and ce... ...