Comparative Evaluation of Three Transthoracic Echocardiographic Techniques for Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume Assessment Across Hemodynamic States
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Objective: This study compared the accuracy of three transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) techniques-fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral (LVOT/VTI), and Simpson's method-for measuri... ...
