Management of complex renal stones in horseshoe kidney using real-time intrarenal pressure monitoring with artificial intelligence in retrograde intrarenal surgery: A case report
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Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in horseshoe kidneys is technically challenging due to altered anatomy and unstable intrarenal pressure (IRP). We report a case of a 45-year-old male with complex renal stones in a horseshoe kidney managed using artificial ... ...
