Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and the dawn of microscopic observation: a narrative review from Delft's lens to the modern microscope
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) transformed observation into science through the power of a single handmade lens. His work emerged from the visual culture of seventeenth-century Delft, where craftsmanship, optics, and artistic precision intersected. While ... ...