Risk Factors for Conversion in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Development of a Predictive Nomogram
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BackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for gallbladder disease, yet conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC) remains necessary in 2-15% of cases. Although often life-saving, conversion increases operative time, morbidity, and hospital ... ...
