Gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease - Immunomodulatory mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities: A review
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that poses a growing global health challenge. Beyond traditional hallmarks such as amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation, the gut-brain axis (GBA) has ... ...