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Mitochondrial-targeted photodynamic therapy combined with TGF-β inhibition potentiates anti-PD-1 therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, marked by extensive stromal fibrosis and a profoundly immunosuppressive, immune-excluded tumor microenvironment (TME) that hampers the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. ... ...