Non-Tobacco Nicotine Dependence Is Associated With Increased Risk of Reoperation and Complications After Ankle Fracture ORIF: A Propensity-Matched Database Study
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Background: Tobacco use is known to have adverse outcomes in ankle open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Non-tobacco nicotine dependence (NTND), driven by the rising popularity of e-cigarettes and alternative nicotine prod... ...
