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ChatGPT-4o, Gemini Advanced and DeepSeek R1 in preoperative decision-making for thyroid surgery: a comparative assessment with human surgeons

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The integration of large language models (LLMs) into surgical decision-making is an emerging field with potential clinical value. This study assessed the preoperative decision-making consistency of ChatGPT-4o, Gemini Advanced, and DeepSeek R1 in comparison wit... ...