Exosomal miR-221-3p derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells via the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway
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Excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can lead to apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), a hallmark of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Our study aimed to determine whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-exos) alleviate ER stress-... ...
