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Toxicity of imidacloprid to soil organisms: biological responses in plants, earthworms, and millipedes

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Imidacloprid is the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide worldwide, but it poses serious risks to non-target soil organisms. This study evaluated the toxicity of the commercial formulation Warrant® (700 mg a.i. kg-1) using three bioindicators. Lactuca s... ...