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Multifunctional Engineering of Exosomes for Precision Therapeutics: Strategies for Targeted Delivery, Barrier Evasion, and Clinical Translation

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Exosomes (EXM), cell-secreted nanoscale vesicles, are now used as promising tools for therapeutic protein, nucleic acid, and small molecule delivery. However, various challenges, such as rapid immune system clearance, ineffective cargo loading, and reduced tar... ...