Coexistence of upper airway obstruction on spirometry with flow volume loop in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can arise from smoking and non-smoking causes. Spirometry with flow-volume loop (FVL) analysis is a simple and essential test not only for diagnosing COPD but also for detecting upper airway obstruction (UAO). Ident... ...
