Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF1α), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+, NADH), and Nitric Oxide (NO) interplay in critically ill patients, with implications for patient safety and targeted therapies: a review
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Background: Critical illnesses such as sepsis, trauma, and multi-organ failure initiate complex molecular cascades that disrupt cellular homeostasis and contribute to poor outcomes. Key among these mediators are Nicotinamide Aden... ...
