Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate keloid pathogenesis via TGF-β1/SMAD-driven MMP9 suppression: mechanistic insights into collagen remodeling and extracellular matrix homeostasis
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Keloids, characterized by excessive collagen deposition and recurrence, pose significant therapeutic challenges due to limited mechanistic understanding. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit potential for keloid management, but their precise mechanisms remain... ...
