Ultrasound-activated piezoelectric scaffolds target dual Ca2+/NF-κB signaling pathways to orchestrate immunomodulation and osteogenesis for accelerated bone regeneration
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Critical-sized bone defects fail to heal due to dysregulated inflammation and impaired osteogenesis. To overcome the limitations of static biomaterials, we engineered 3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffolds incorporating polydopamine coated BaTiO3/β-TCP nanopar... ...
