Fumarate Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease: Therapeutic Potential and Pathologic Pitfalls of DMF/MMF and FH1 Deficiency
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Fumarate is increasingly recognized as a metabolic signal with dual effects in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacologic doses of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and its metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) transiently activate Nrf2 and HCAR2 pathways, offering antioxidan... ...
